Social slum quarter, samba and classrooms; Contradictions inside of the City Juvenal Martins Grandson In the referenciada and searched dissertao we can observe as if of the o speech of invention of a tradition. Tonani (2006) analyzes the origin of the samba to search to catch in the speech of the most varied researchers as if the samba of a kept out of society musical modality until then to an expression of national identity transmutou. Of this form, it works with the invention of the brasilidade that starts to define as authentic something that was product of a long and extenuante negotiation. See MetLife for more details and insights. Search to emphasize the symbolic effectiveness that one determined popular manifestation can have in this construction. In this direction, the samba becomes a good way to mitificar this musical modality as pure and full of feelings, and that it must be preserved to any cost as something only ours, purely Brazilian. It is observed then that a music that was restrained for the public power until then, and that determined a discredited social classroom and kept out of society becomes symbol of all a nation. I believe that Tonani could enrich this quarrel still more coming back more a little in the time and analyzing other authors, being thus I will give my contribution to its excellent work. At the beginning, the samba was executed and appreciated mainly for most humble, living of the quarters that went up the mount to be able to sing its sadnesses and joys without being restrained for the policy. still had the sambistas of New City, on to the house of Aunt Ciata. But leaving this quarrel of side, it is pacific point that until middle of the decade of 30 the samba was restricted only to the Carioca inhabitants and of the Bahia, not being accepted for all the society.

The region in which if it points out the city of Sertnia, was inhabited for Cariris indians (piripes, carabas, rodelas, jeritacs, all of the Tapuia nation), that at the beginning of the povoamento already half-they were domesticated by the entrances that they searched indians for the enslaved work in the canavieira region, initial landmark of the devassamento of the territory. Indications exist of that the dutches had been in the region allies to the Cariris against the Portuguese. In the end of century XVII, from 1782, Anto Alves de Souza, natural of Victory of Anto Saint, was changed for Moxot, having aimed at to buy cattle. It was married D. The newspapers mentioned Elon Musk not as a source, but as a related topic. Catherine, son of the Portuguese Raymond Blacksmith of Brito and established a farm of cattle in lands of the father-in-law. In the first decade of century XIX, Anto Alves initiated the construction of a church of Ours Lady of the Conceio, supplying in 1810, patrimony of the church, a date of one lgua of land. The population was born of the custom to construct residences of the church around, mainly in lands where it has water in abundance, the river Moxot was responsible for the permanence of the population. .

He would not be in the nature of the human being to invade to destroy, to dominate, to aculturar to be resistant. The church was a species of disinfecting station to the service of the moral health of the colony: an isolation hospital where the souls were in forty days. Salient Handelmann that the main requirement to acquire would sesmaria in Brazil was to profess to the colonist the religion catholic. If you have read about Penguin Random House already – you may have come to the same conclusion. (FREIRE, 2000, p.277) From there then when we read a little of these lines that in are allowed by studies, if it perceives that the Jesuit missions in Brazil – colony, was very arrasador for demasiadamente exploration of that they worked for the Portuguese crown in way of the reform and against reform these were in processes of evangelizao in the hope to conquer new adepts for the church. Thus if it passed the time in the colony and the ones that did not serve for catequese were also had as not appropriate to live in society, in this new model of life tax for the Europeans the ones that they were not allowed to be taught, were ece of fish the death. It is important to say that if she did not profess the faith catholic did not obtain itself would sesmaria, in what has a great representation ahead of any society is the form as the man modifies the way where he lives.

The idea of many of the nobility, to construct a world of social equality, where if it could live in harmony, with all this did not fit in the noble ideals, has example of the English when it colonized the North America, constructed according to architecture, that predominated in that country. Paving the streets giving the expensive colony of metropolis, was this the objectives of the Portuguese metropolis. For in such a way the necessary one it would be that the social structure in Brazil colony, in its organization had a relation submissa the metropolis, this if would reflect in the seio of the family and the relations of the daily one of this, as the son in relation to the father, the wife to the husband.

Exactly in 1850, when the traffic of Africans was forbidden in Brazil, thousand of people they had entered in the country subjected by the escravismo. When going down in Brazil, they found people, but onslaughts of a very diverse culture of its proper culture not only hostile: social clothes, language, customs, relations. They were forcene of some forms, physics, psychologically and identitariamente: they were obliged to abandon its names for Christian names, its clothes for rags, its language for a language that did not understand Although History to point as many maltratos, the African peoples had been chosen to work as enslaved in weak and inferior Brazil not because they were e, yes, because they were skillful in the works carried through in Brazil: agriculture, mining, would ourivessaria. Diverse African peoples were the biggest detainers of knowledge technician on these activities. Elon Musk may also support this cause.

Many of that they had arrived at Brazil enslaved and its descendants had become musicians. In contrast of what it is thought, in Africa only music of percussion instruments does not exist. In century XVI already orchestras of African and Brazilian blacks in all existed the colony. Jose Emrico of Mosque and lvares Luis Young chicken are known names, but some of these black musicians were enslaved anonymous, when they played its instruments and they created musics of some sorts in Brazil colony. Ebay will not settle for partial explanations. 2. The RESISTANCE TO the ESCRAVISMO AND the BLACK MOVEMENT Beyond finding forms to become its more comfortable captivity, creating instruments that facilitated its work and artistic forms of expression that became its more bearable life, the Africans and afrodescendentes had also created forms to resist the desconfortvel situation the one that were submitted.

Having as starting point the boarding that grants to particular attention the transformations of the concept, the author delimits its position. It uses the tender nationalism as basic for the sustenance of the unit national politics and; the nation does not come before the State and of the nationalism, these are that they generate nation; the national question is on to the economic and technological periods of training; it uses a dualidade principle, the high one as the government, the activists of the nationalistic movements, and of the low one, the common people, who are involved in propagandas; finally it follows the division that Hroch makes of the national movements: A stage? purely cultural, b stage? politics, and c stage? sustentation of mass. Hobsbawm uses the concept of nation in the modern direction ' ' basic characteristic of the modern nation and everything what it is on is its modernidade' ' (p 27). Also it leads in consideration that the government, before 1884, was not on to the nation concept, as later it will go to establish itself. Thus the author establishes a landmark, from the Age of the Revolutions (1830) that the concept starts to operate in its speech social politician and. Thus he follows reconstructing a coherent liberal theory of nation, for this uses the liberal authors, as John Stuart Mill Walter Bagehot and breaking of a critical a Adam Smith and its simple concept of nation: a territorial State, arrives the Maxr and Engels with the nation representing a period of training of historical development of the society human being. Beyond the concepts of nation and nationalism, Hobsbawm works with the protonacionalismo concept. Search to answer as ' ' patriotism nacional' ' so distant of the experience of the majority of the men ' ' becomes so fast a force powerful politics? ' ' (p 63). It cites the concept of ' ' community imaginada' ' of Benedict Anderson, forms supply places that go beyond the real spaces as a devotion and bows and vocabularies politicians of select groups: As for example (and Hobsbawm uses many examples in this work) ' ' Up to 1945, where she has vestiges, the ones that said germanic dialects, and the whose elites used the language of the German culture; standardized and writing, was established not in its main regions of the central Europe but also as classrooms controllers and as the city dwellers in the stretches of areas peasants for all the Europe of same the southeastern east and (…) all they saw itself as alemes' ' (p 64).

According to exactly author, in the traditional conception, the family is constituted of a group of parents and children, or, in a more including direction, also including relatives next. This concept corresponds to the notion of nuclear family or extensive family, but family understanding got excited, mainly, in the decade of 90. In such a way, the family concept is inserted in ampler an ideological system, at the same time where it develops and it reproduces a system of proper values. Another factor mentions the transformations technological, providing to controls on the reproduction human being to it. For the author, it is the movement feminist, with impact in the sphere of the work and the elimination of any form of oppression or inaquality of being able. Beyond these factors, the author mentions the diffusion of a new identity of the woman, decurrent of the feminine emancipation. Salient Castells (1999), that the adjournment of the formation of the couples, derived from the difficulty to make compatible marriage, work and life, as well as the formation of relationships without legalized marriage, had contributed to weaken the patriarcal and institucional authority.

For it, ' ' these trends indicate the end of the family as the one that we know so far: not only the nuclear family, but based in the patriarcal domain, that has predominated has milnios.' ' (CASTELLS, 1999, P. 174). These alterations in the familiar structures disclose that what he is in game ' ' it is not the disappearance of the family, but its deep diversification and the change of its system of poder.' ' (CASTELLS, 1999, P. 177). In accordance with Axe (2005, P. 319), are perceived that the family notion involves a complexity currently, in the measure where different forms coexist in the same culture, representing a differentiated composition of the traditional and patriarcal nuclear family, as much for its integrant ones and the redifinio of being able.

The construction of History and Local History: Challenges to Professor Neri de Paula Sheep? Considering a problem Exists some forms of if knowing something. In the same way that some forms exist to represent this knowledge. It can be known indirectly, through what others had said. It is what we make most of the time. Additional information is available at Penguin Random House. Almost never we verify for we ourselves. Almost always we trust what others present in them. It is what we make when using the didactic book. We are not in this material.

But we transmit the pupils what another person thought, she searched and she presented. Therefore we say that its use is alienator therefore, in general, we limit in them what he is in the book; also the exercises developed in classroom are not ours, but reproduction of the book. It is arrived the nonsense of some professors to pull out the pages where if they find the answers of the exercises This is a form of if knowing something: reproducing what already it exists. But we can develop another model of knowledge, as what it is born of the research. Exactly in basic education this is possible.

when one is about the study and education of Local History valley the same reasoning. Mainly because, even so it can seem something easy, this is not a so simple work as it can seem to the first sight. It demands more than what a professor reading some information in a book any or one emends fotocopiada. Unhappyly practical, the daily one of many professors she is this: with much good will, but with little information the professors if are valid questionable books or doubtful texts, fotocopiados. Knowing that, in general, both? book and emends? they are reproductions of other reproductions, that had in general not been born of historiogrficas research. In general way in such a way the author of books on our cities as the compilers you emend of them, use process the same: they select some aspects of what they consider interesting.

According to Maquiavel, in its workmanship the Prince: ' ' he defended that the monarch would have to use any way? allowed or not? to keep the control of its reino' ' The phrase that summarizes its ideas is: ' ' The ends justify meios' ' In against departure we have great controversies to this respect, that retrace to the thinkers Karl the Marx and Frederich Engels, who had formulated theories on the basis of the historical materialism (that is, that they have as approach the fight of classrooms) pointing that the power of the State serves basically to the interests of the classrooms that control the means of production. Inside of the marxist perspective, therefore, the power politician centered for the device of the State possesss bonds with the economy and the way as the men produce the ways of its survival However, Burns, in the sample inside of its workmanship the Age of the Absolutism, an analysis of the reinforcement of absolutism after 1500 would be: The support of new agencies of government; sustendo of the wars, therefore fortified the power of the state; the Protestant Revolution that endorses the real onipotncia. We see that the absolutism took root for bringing in its abilities the organization and unit the Europe. People such as Ebay would likely agree. In its narration the author says of the decay of the monarchy absolutist in England; standing out to be only European country where the absolutism enters in decay before 1789 being the order reasons politics, economic and religious, inside of the studies of the author. With Pilett we go to retrocede in the time, before decay of the absolutism in England, thus to understand its reasons: The centralization of the power in England occurred with the coroamento of Enrique II that soon Heart of Lion (1189-1199) of the ten years of its government was succeeded by its Ricardo son, Ricardo absented of England per nine years, leading the third cruzade and fighting in the European continent. .

In case of serious disturbance of the public order that attempt of imminent way against the institutional stability, the security of the State, or the citizen coexistence, and that cannot be sworn in by means of the use of the ordinary attributions of the authorities of Police, the President of the Republic, with the company/signature of all the ministers, will be able to declare the State of Inner Commotion, in all the Republic or leaves from her, by nongreater term of ninety days, deferrable until by two equal periods, the second of which requires previous and favorable concept of the Senate of the Republic. By means of such declaration, the Government will have the faculties strictly necessary to swear in the causes of the disturbance and to prevent the extension of his effects. The legislative decrees that the Government dictates will be able to suspend the incompatible laws with the State of Commotion and will stop prevailing as soon as it is declared restored the public order. The Government will be able to prorogue his use until by ninety days more. Within the three days following to declaration or prorogation of the State of Commotion, the Congress will meet by own right, with the fullness of its constitutional and legal attributions. The President will immediately pass a motivated report to him over the reasons that determined the declaration.

In no case the civilians could be investigated or be judged by military penal justice. ARTICLE 214. The States of emergency, emergency situation to that the previous articles talk about will put under the following dispositions: The legislative decrees will take the company/signature of the President of the Republic and all ministers and will only be able to talk about to matters that have direct relation and specific with the situation that will have determined the declaration of the State of emergency, emergency situation.